长期卧床，截瘫或需牵引病人，由于全身血液循环差，皮肤抵抗力低下，局部组织长期受压，尤其是骶尾部、后枕部、踝关节、足跟部各骨突处容易发生褥疮，因此病人入院后给予气垫床或骶尾部垫褥疮垫，骨突处可垫海绵圈。不能自行翻身的隔2h协助翻身，并用50%红花酒精按摩受压部位，促进血液循环。
Long term bed rest, paraplegia, or traction are necessary for patients. Due to poor blood circulation throughout the body, low skin resistance, and long-term compression of local tissues, especially at the sacrococcygeal, occipital, ankle, and heel bone processes, bedsores are prone to occur. Therefore, patients are given an air cushion bed or sacrococcygeal bedsore pad after admission, and sponge rings can be placed at the bone processes. Assist those who cannot roll over on their own every 2 hours, and massage the compressed area with 50% safflower alcohol to promote blood circulation.
护理上一定要职责到人，每班检查交班。护士长不定时抽查，人人重视，使大家认识到，预防褥疮的发生，不是某个人的事，必须全体医务人员共同努力。由于措施到位，责任到人，一年来无褥疮发生。
In terms of nursing, responsibilities must be assigned to individuals, and each shift should be checked and handed over. The head nurse conducts random checks from time to time, and everyone takes them seriously to make everyone realize that preventing the occurrence of bedsores is not someone's responsibility, and all medical staff must work together. Due to effective measures and accountability, there has been no occurrence of bedsores in the past year.
03、防止骨延迟愈合护理
03. Prevention of delayed bone healing care
老年人运动量减少，骨细胞活动性降低，而钙吸收利用率低易发生骨质疏松，骨折愈合时间明显延长或不愈合。可给病人服钙剂，进食高钙食物，并用适量维生素D增加钙的吸收利用。
Elderly people experience a decrease in physical activity, a decrease in bone cell activity, and low calcium absorption and utilization rates are prone to osteoporosis, leading to significantly prolonged or non union of fractures. Patients can be given calcium supplements, consume high calcium foods, and use an appropriate amount of vitamin D to increase calcium absorption and utilization.
04、呼吸道并发症预防护理
04. Prevention and care of respiratory complications
老年人由于呼吸相对减弱，并有慢性支气管炎，肺源性心脏病史，所以长期卧床及术后病人易发生肺部并发症。因此病人人院后要求戒烟、戒酒，鼓励病人多咳嗽、咳痰，做深呼吸，上肢能活动的做扩胸运动以增加肺活量;必要时给予雾化吸入，以利稀释痰液。
Due to relatively weakened breathing and a history of chronic bronchitis and pulmonary heart disease in the elderly, long-term bed rest and postoperative patients are prone to pulmonary complications. Therefore, patients are required to quit smoking and alcohol after hospitalization, encourage them to cough and expectorate more, take deep breaths, and perform chest expansion exercises to increase lung capacity if their upper limbs are active; If necessary, nebulization inhalation should be given to facilitate the dilution of sputum.
05、泌尿系感染预防护理
05. Prevention and nursing of urinary tract infections
保持会阴部清洁卫生型槽模具 一次性止血带 保定水处理设备 一次性止血带 保定空压机 北京真空泵，每天用温水擦洗会阴部2次，尿潴留病人在留置尿管期间，妥善固定导尿管及引流管的位中沉渣，经常变换体位，以便引流通畅，定时放尿、训练膀胱肌肉收缩。
Keep the perineum clean and sanitary, scrub the perineum with warm water twice a day. For patients with urinary retention, properly fix the sediment in the position of the urinary catheter and drainage tube during the indwelling of the urinary catheter, and frequently change the body position to facilitate smooth drainage, regularly discharge urine, and train bladder muscle contraction.